Probabilistic load flow in AC electrified railways

System analysis within the traction power system is vital to the design and operation of\udan electrified railway. Loads in traction power systems are often characterised by their mobility,\udwide range of power variations, regeneration and service dependence. In addition, the feeding\udsystems may take different forms in AC electrified railways. Comprehensive system studies are\udusually carried out by computer simulation. A number of traction power simulators have been\udavailable and they allow calculation of electrical interaction among trains and deterministic\udsolutions of the power network. In the paper, a different approach is presented to enable load-flow\udanalysis on various feeding systems and service demands in AC railways by adopting probabilistic\udtechniques. It is intended to provide a different viewpoint to the load condition. Simulation results\udare given to verify the probabilistic-load-flow models