Open AccessDiagnosing HIV‐Related Disease
Author(s) -
Jung Alan C.,
Paauw Douglas S.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
journal of general internal medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.746
H-Index - 180
eISSN - 1525-1497
pISSN - 0884-8734
DOI - 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00031.x
Subject(s) - medicine , molluscum contagiosum , pneumonia , aids related opportunistic infections , progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy , histoplasmosis , tuberculosis , immunology , opportunistic infection , retinitis , pathology , viral disease , sida , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , virus , human cytomegalovirus
OBJECTIVE: To summarize current information on the relation between CD4 counts and the risk of different HIV‐related diseases. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: MEDLINE search of English language articles between 1985 and 1996 using the medical subject heading (MeSH) term “CD4 lymphocyte count” and searches using key words of multiple HIV‐related diseases were conducted. Some HIV‐related diseases can be stratified to different CD4 count levels. Regardless of their CD4 count, HIV‐infected patients are susceptible to sinusitis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, community‐acquired pneumonia, and oral hairy leukoplakia. In advanced HIV, when CD4 is below 200/mm 3 , Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, Mycobacterium avium complex, molluscum contagiosum, and bacillary angiomatosis all increase in incidence. In very advanced HIV disease, when CD4 counts are below 50/mm 3 , patients are at risk of pseudomonas pneumonia, cytomegalovirus retinitis, central nervous system lymphoma, aspergillosis, and disseminated histoplasmosis.