PARPs in genome stability and signal transduction: implications for cancer therapy | Zendy

Luca Palazzo | Zendy; Ivan Ahel | Zendy

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PARPs in genome stability and signal transduction: implications for cancer therapy

Author(s) -

Luca Palazzo,

Ivan Ahel

Publication year - 2018

Publication title -

biochemical society transactions

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 2.562

H-Index - 144

eISSN - 1470-8752

pISSN - 0300-5127

DOI - 10.1042/bst20180418

Subject(s) - parp1 , nad+ kinase , poly adp ribose polymerase , signal transduction , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide , adp ribosylation , dna repair , biology , polymerase , ribose , wnt signaling pathway , dna damage , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , dna , computational biology , enzyme

The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) superfamily of enzymes catalyses the ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) of target proteins by using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) as a donor. ADPr reactions occur either in the form of attachment of a single ADP-ribose nucleotide unit on target proteins or in the form of ADP-ribose chains, with the latter called poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. PARPs regulate many cellular processes, including the maintenance of genome stability and signal transduction. In this review, we focus on the PARP family members that possess the ability to modify proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, namely PARP1, PARP2, Tankyrase-1, and Tankyrase-2. Here, we detail the cellular functions of PARP1 and PARP2 in the regulation of DNA damage response and describe the function of Tankyrases in Wnt-mediated signal transduction. Furthermore, we discuss how the understanding of these pathways has provided some major breakthroughs in the treatment of human cancer.

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