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Abstract   Background:  The present study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram based on expanded TNM staging to predict the prognosis for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB).   Methods:  A total of 595 eligible patients with SCCB identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) dataset were randomly divided into training set ( n  = 416) and validation set ( n  = 179). The likelihood ratio test was used to select potentially relevant factors for developing the nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was validated on the training and validation sets using a C-index with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and calibration curve, and was further compared with TNM staging system.   Results:  The nomogram included six factors: age, T stage, N stage, M stage, the method of surgery and tumor size. The C-indexes of the nomogram were 0.768 (0.741–0.795) and 0.717 (0.671–0.763) in the training and validation sets, respectively, which were higher than the TNM staging system with C-indexes of 0.580 (0.543–0.617) and 0.540 (0.484–0.596) in the training and validation sets, respectively. Furthermore, the decision curve analysis (DCA) proved that the nomogram provided superior clinical effectiveness.   Conclusions:  We developed a nomogram that help predict individualized prognosis for patients with SCCB.

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the prognosis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder