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In this study, we demonstrate that the prototype  B. breve  strain UCC2003 possesses specific metabolic pathways for the utilisation of lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), which represent the central moieties of Type I and Type II human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), respectively. Using a combination of experimental approaches, the enzymatic machinery involved in the metabolism of LNT and LNnT was identified and characterised. Homologs of the key genetic loci involved in the utilisation of these HMO substrates were identified in  B. breve, B. bifidum, B. longum  subsp.  infantis  and  B. longum  subsp.  longum  using bioinformatic analyses, and were shown to be variably present among other members of the  Bifidobacterium  genus, with a distinct pattern of conservation among human-associated bifidobacterial species.

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Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 metabolises the human milk oligosaccharides lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-neo-tetraose through overlapping, yet distinct pathways