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Powdery mildew disease caused by  Blumeria graminis  f. sp.  tritici  ( Bgt ) inflicts severe economic losses in wheat crops. A systematic understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in wheat resistance to  Bgt  is essential for effectively controlling the disease. Here, using the diploid wheat  Triticum urartu  as a host, the genes regulated by immune (IM) and hypersensitive reaction (HR) resistance responses to  Bgt  were investigated through transcriptome sequencing. Four gene coexpression networks (GCNs) were developed using transcriptomic data generated for 20  T. urartu  accessions showing IM, HR or susceptible responses. The powdery mildew resistance regulated (PMRR) genes whose expression was significantly correlated with  Bgt  resistance were identified, and they tended to be hubs and enriched in six major modules. A wide occurrence of negative regulation of PMRR genes was observed. Three new candidate immune receptor genes ( TRIUR3_13045, TRIUR3_01037  and  TRIUR3_06195 ) positively associated with  Bgt  resistance were discovered. Finally, the involvement of  TRIUR3_01037  in  Bgt  resistance was tentatively verified through cosegregation analysis in a F 2  population and functional expression assay in  Bgt  susceptible leaf cells. This research provides insights into the global network properties of PMRR genes. Potential molecular differences between IM and HR resistance responses to  Bgt  are discussed.

Coexpression network analysis of the genes regulated by two types of resistance responses to powdery mildew in wheat