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Plant varieties expressing the  Bt  ( Bacillus thuringiensis ) insecticidal proteins Cry1Ah and Cry2Ab have potential commercialization prospects in China. However, their potential effects on non-target arthropods (NTAs) remain uncharacterized. The cotton aphid  Aphis gossypii  is a worldwide pest that damages various important crops. The ladybeetle  Propylea japonica  is a common and abundant natural enemy in many cropping systems in East Asia. In the present study, the effects of Cry1Ah and Cry2Ab proteins on  A. gossypii  and  P. japonica  were assessed from three aspects. First, neither of the Cry proteins affected the growth or developmental characteristics of the two test insects. Second, the expression levels of the detoxification-related genes of the two test insects did not change significantly in either Cry protein treatment. Third, neither of the Cry proteins had a favourable effect on the expression of genes associated with the amino acid metabolism of  A. gossypii  and the nutrition utilization of  P. japonica . In conclusion, the Cry1Ah and Cry2Ab proteins do not appear to affect the cotton aphid  A. gossypii  or the ladybeetle  P. japonica .

Bt proteins Cry1Ah and Cry2Ab do not affect cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and ladybeetle Propylea japonica