Synthesis of a single cycle of light with compact erbium-doped fibre technology

The advent of self-referenced optical frequency combs1, 2 has sparked the development of novel areas in ultrafast sciences such as attosecond technology3, 4 and the synthesis of arbitrary optical waveforms5, 6. Few-cycle light pulses are key to these time-domain applications, driving a quest for reliable, stable and cost-efficient mode-locked laser sources with ultrahigh spectral bandwidth. Here, we present a set-up based entirely on compact erbium-doped fibre technology, which produces single cycles of light. The pulse duration of 4.3 fs is close to the shortest possible value for a data bit of information transmitted in the near-infrared regime. These results demonstrate that fundamental limits for optical telecommunications are accessible with existing fibre technology and standard free-space components