Scalable production of large quantities of defect-free few-layer graphene by shear exfoliation in liquids | Zendy

Keith R. Paton | Zendy; Eswaraiah Varrla | Zendy; Claudia Backes | Zendy; Ronan J. Smith | Zendy; Umar Khan | Zendy; Arlene O’Neill | Zendy; Conor S. Boland | Zendy; Mustafa Lotya | Zendy; Oana M. Istrate | Zendy; Paul J. King | Zendy; Tom Higgins | Zendy; Sebastian Barwich | Zendy; Peter May | Zendy; Paweł Puczkarski | Zendy; Iftikhar Ahmed | Zendy; Matthias Moebius | Zendy; Henrik Pettersson | Zendy; Edmund Long | Zendy; João Coelho | Zendy; Sean O’Brien | Zendy; Eva McGuire | Zendy; Beatriz Mendoza Sánchez | Zendy; Georg S. Duesberg | Zendy; Niall McEvoy | Zendy; Timothy J. Pennycook | Zendy; Clive Downing | Zendy; Alison Crossley | Zendy; Valeria Nicolosi | Zendy; Jonathan N. Coleman | Zendy

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Scalable production of large quantities of defect-free few-layer graphene by shear exfoliation in liquids

Author(s) -

Keith R. Paton,

Eswaraiah Varrla,

Claudia Backes,

Ronan J. Smith,

Umar Khan,

Arlene O’Neill,

Conor S. Boland,

Mustafa Lotya,

Oana M. Istrate,

Paul J. King,

Tom Higgins,

Sebastian Barwich,

Peter May,

Paweł Puczkarski,

Iftikhar Ahmed,

Matthias Moebius,

Henrik Pettersson,

Edmund Long,

João Coelho,

Sean O’Brien,

Eva McGuire,

Beatriz Mendoza Sánchez,

Georg S. Duesberg,

Niall McEvoy,

Timothy J. Pennycook,

Clive Downing,

Alison Crossley,

Valeria Nicolosi,

Jonathan N. Coleman

Publication year - 2014

Publication title -

nature materials

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 14.344

H-Index - 483

eISSN - 1476-4660

pISSN - 1476-1122

DOI - 10.1038/nmat3944

Subject(s) - graphene , exfoliation joint , materials science , raman spectroscopy , graphite , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , nanotechnology , electrical conductor , shear rate , shear (geology) , graphene nanoribbons , composite material , chemical engineering , rheology , optics , physics , engineering

To progress from the laboratory to commercial applications, it will be necessary to develop industrially scalable methods to produce large quantities of defect-free graphene. Here we show that high-shear mixing of graphite in suitable stabilizing liquids results in large-scale exfoliation to give dispersions of graphene nanosheets. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy show the exfoliated flakes to be unoxidized and free of basal-plane defects. We have developed a simple model that shows exfoliation to occur once the local shear rate exceeds 10(4) s(-1). By fully characterizing the scaling behaviour of the graphene production rate, we show that exfoliation can be achieved in liquid volumes from hundreds of millilitres up to hundreds of litres and beyond. The graphene produced by this method performs well in applications from composites to conductive coatings. This method can be applied to exfoliate BN, MoS2 and a range of other layered crystals.

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