Open AccessPremetastatic milieu explained by TLR4 agonist-mediated homeostatic inflammation
Author(s) -
Yoshiro Maru
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
cellular and molecular immunology/cellular and molecular immunology
Language(s) - Uncategorized
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.5
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 2042-0226
pISSN - 1672-7681
DOI - 10.1038/cmi.2009.113
Subject(s) - homeostasis , inflammation , tlr4 , endogeny , immune system , agonist , receptor , toll , toll like receptor , immunology , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , innate immune system , neuroscience , endocrinology , biochemistry
Accumulating evidence suggests that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a sensor for danger signals, is expressed not only in immune cells, but also in resident epithelial cells, and appears to participate in tissue homeostasis. To explain the premetastatic microenvironment created by the newly discovered endogenous TLR4 ligands, I propose a hypothesis of homeostatic inflammation that includes the classical danger hypothesis.