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We have investigated the possibility of a direct regulatory effect of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues on prostatic cancer cell growth. Here we report high affinity binding (Kd = 50 nM) of a GnRH analogue resulting in biphasic growth modulation of the human androgen-sensitive prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP. In contrast, the human androgen-insensitive prostatic cancer cell line DU145 showed low-affinity (Kd = 10 microM) binding without any biological response to the GnRH analogue. A GnRH-specific radioimmunoassay demonstrated GnRH-like immunoreactivity in the concentrated culture medium from both cell lines. Seventy-six human benign and malignant tumours were assayed following surgical resection. Nineteen of 22 (86%) malignant tumours and 49 of 54 (91%) benign tumours, exhibited high affinity GnRH-analogue binding. Fourteen of 19 (74%) malignant tumours and 17 of 49 (35%) benign tumours exhibiting high affinity binding contained GnRH-like immunoreactivity, suggesting that this system may be involved in prostatic epithelial cell growth in vivo.

The effects of gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogues in prostate cancer are mediated through specific tumour receptors