Open AccessImproving simulations of the upper ocean by inclusion of surface waves in the Mellor‐Yamada turbulence scheme
Author(s) -
Huang Chuan Jiang,
Qiao Fangli,
Song Zhenya,
Ezer Tal
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: oceans
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.67
H-Index - 298
eISSN - 2156-2202
pISSN - 0148-0227
DOI - 10.1029/2010jc006320
Subject(s) - turbulence , breaking wave , turbulence kinetic energy , wave turbulence , mixing (physics) , k omega turbulence model , k epsilon turbulence model , physics , kinetic energy , mechanics , closure (psychology) , internal wave , turbulence modeling , wind wave , geology , meteorology , atmospheric sciences , geophysics , classical mechanics , wave propagation , thermodynamics , optics , quantum mechanics , economics , market economy
The Mellor‐Yamada turbulence closure scheme, used in many ocean circulation models, is often blamed for overly high simulated surface temperature and overly low simulated subsurface temperature in summer due to insufficient vertical mixing. Surface waves can enhance turbulence kinetic energy and mixing of the upper ocean via wave breaking and nonbreaking‐wave‐turbulence interaction. The influences of wave breaking and wave‐turbulence interaction on the Mellor‐Yamada scheme and upper ocean thermal structure are examined and compared with each other using one‐dimensional and three‐dimensional ocean circulation models. Model results show that the wave‐turbulence interaction can effectively amend the problem of insufficient mixing in the classic Mellor‐Yamada scheme. The behaviors of the Mellor‐Yamada scheme, as well as the simulated upper ocean thermal structure, are significantly improved by adding a turbulence kinetic energy production term associated with wave‐turbulence interaction. In contrast, mixing associated with wave breaking alone seems insufficient to improve significantly the simulations as its effect is limited to the very near‐surface layers. Therefore, the effects of wave‐turbulence interaction on the upper ocean are much more important than those of wave breaking.