North Sea circulation: Atlantic inflow and its destination

This study investigates the Atlantic inflow to the North Sea and its variability, pathways and destination. Results from a numerical model show that the variability of Atlantic inflow is dependent on the inflow location. The inflow between Orkneys and Shetland and in the Shetland shelf area show a strong connection to the strength in westerly winds in winter and spring on a weekly timescale, while the inflow in the Norwegian Trench has a longer response time to the large‐scale wind pattern. About 50% of the Atlantic water that enters the North Sea is mixed with fresher water before it leaves the North Sea as the Norwegian Coastal Current. This illustrates the important role of estuarine processes within the North Sea and Skagerrak area, and their interaction with the Atlantic water.