Open AccessAltimeter dual‐frequency observations of surface winds, waves, and rain rate in tropical cyclone Isabel
Author(s) -
Quilfen Y.,
Tournadre J.,
Chapron B.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: oceans
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.67
H-Index - 298
eISSN - 2156-2202
pISSN - 0148-0227
DOI - 10.1029/2005jc003068
Subject(s) - tropical cyclone , environmental science , altimeter , remote sensing , meteorology , satellite , wind speed , cyclone (programming language) , radiometer , storm , maximum sustained wind , numerical weather prediction , wind shear , geology , geography , computer science , physics , computer hardware , wind gradient , field programmable gate array , astronomy
Extreme weather events such as tropical cyclones are difficult to observe with conventional means. Satellite‐based observations provide essential measurements of key parameters governing tropical cyclones. They are critical for short‐term forecasting. Radiometers onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellite series, WindSat and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellites, scatterometers onboard the ERS, ADEOS, and QuikScat satellites offer unprecedented synoptic observations of surface wind and atmospheric liquid water content, revealing the storm structures with good accuracy. However, satellite estimates do not provide direct measurements of geophysical parameters and can suffer from limitations linked to the sensors characteristics, such as the signal wavelength and polarization or the measurement incidence angle. For example, measurements at Ku band are strongly affected by rain. Still, each observing system can offer specific information that can be combined with the others. In particular, we highlight the capabilities of dual‐frequency altimeter to provide very high resolution measurements of rain rate, surface wind speed, and wave characteristics. A method is proposed to obtain continuous along‐track 5 km resolution measurements of these parameters in the tropical cyclone Isabel. The results shows that dual‐frequency altimeters can provide useful information to complement and validate the operational fields provided by the atmospheric numerical models and by NOAA observing systems.