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The sequence/function space in the D-mannonate dehydratase subgroup (ManD) of the enolase superfamily was investigated to determine how enzymatic function diverges as sequence identity decreases [Wichelecki, D. J., et al. (2014) Biochemistry 53, 2722-2731]. That study revealed that members of the ManD subgroup vary in substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency: high-efficiency (kcat/KM = 10(3)-10(4) M(-1) s(-1)) for dehydration of D-mannonate, low-efficiency (kcat/KM = 10-10(2) M(-1) s(-1)) for dehydration of D-mannonate and/or D-gluconate, and no activity. Characterization of high-efficiency members revealed that these are ManDs in the D-glucuronate catabolic pathway {analogues of UxuA [Wichelecki, D. J., et al. (2014) Biochemistry 53, 4087-4089]}. However, the genomes of organisms that encode low-efficiency members of the ManDs subgroup encode UxuAs; therefore, these must have divergent physiological functions. In this study, we investigated the physiological functions of three low-efficiency members of the ManD subgroup and identified a novel physiologically relevant pathway for L-gulonate catabolism in Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM3043 as well as cryptic pathways for L-gulonate catabolism in Escherichia coli CFT073 and L-idonate catabolism in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis str. P125109. However, we could not identify physiological roles for the low-efficiency members of the ManD subgroup, allowing the suggestion that these pathways may be either evolutionary relics or the starting points for new metabolic potential.

biochemistry

Investigating the Physiological Roles of Low-Efficiency <scp>d</scp>-Mannonate and <scp>d</scp>-Gluconate Dehydratases in the Enolase Superfamily: Pathways for the Catabolism of <scp>l</scp>-Gulonate and <scp>l</scp>-Idonate

Investigating the Physiological Roles of Low-Efficiency d-Mannonate and d-Gluconate Dehydratases in the Enolase Superfamily: Pathways for the Catabolism of l-Gulonate and l-Idonate