General Strategy for Integrated SnO2/Metal Oxides as Biactive Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes with Ultralong Cycling Life

Integration of bicomponents into a greater object or assemblage is a new avenue to acquire multifunctionality for metal oxide-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we report a versatile means by which precursors serve as self-sacrificing templates to form architectures of SnO 2 phase and other metal oxides. The vital challenge is the determination of appropriate synthetic system that can benefit the formation of respective precursors in a structure or single-source precursors of tin and other metal species. In the current work, by the aids of synergy action between l-proline and ethylene glycol (EG), precursors containing two metal ions are generally fabricated. Adequate flexibility of the present method has been achieved for SnO 2 /M x O y hierarchical hybrids, including Mn 2 O 3 , Co 3 O 4 , NiO, and Zn 2 SnO 4 , by calcination of their corresponding SnMn, SnCo, SnNi, and SnZn precursors, respectively. When evaluated as anode materials for LIBs, the obtained SnO 2 /Mn 2 O 3 homogeneous hybrids, as expected, show higher specific capacity and ultralong cycling stability, gaining a reversible specific capacity of 610.3 mA h g -1 after 600 cycles with only decay of 0.29 mA h g -1 per cycle at 1 A g -1 and 487 mA h g -1 after 1001 cycles at a high current density of 2 A g -1 .