Relationship between Mycotoxin Content in Winter Wheat Grain and Aspirated Dust Collected during Harvest and after Storage

A total of 323 paired grain and grain dust samples (particle size <1650 μm) were collected from combines at harvest (56%), on-farm bins (28%), and experimental minibins seeded with an ochratoxin A (OTA)/ Penicillium verrucosum hot spots (15%) of which >98% were soft red winter wheat. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to detect 21 mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON) and its plant-conjugated form, deoxynivalenol 3-β-d-glucoside (DON 3-Glc). Except for DON 3-Glc, all mycotoxin concentrations found in grain dust were higher than in grain ( p < 0.0030). Pearson correlation coefficients and two-variable regression show a significant ( p < 0.0001) linear relationship between the mycotoxin content in grain and that in grain dust with 19 toxins. In only five mycotoxins (DON, OTA, ochratoxin B, citrinin, and enniatin A 1 ), more than 82% of the variation in the data is explained by the two-variable regression model. Because of its higher mean concentration and detection frequency, only DON produced a strong relationship ( p < 0.0001, r 2 = 0.949) with low root-mean-square error (RMSE) (293.41 ng/g). The results suggest that modeling levels in grain based upon levels in grain dust can be used to estimate DON in grain bulk.