Optically Tunable Tin Oxide-Coated Hollow Gold–Silver Nanorattles for Use in Solar-Driven Applications

Core@shell metal nanoparticles have emerged as promising photocatalysts because of their strong and tunable plasmonic properties; however, marked improvements in photocatalytic efficiency are needed if these materials are to be widely used in practical applications. Accordingly, the design of new and functional light-responsive nanostructures remains a central focus of nanomaterial research. To this end, we report the synthesis of nanorattles comprising hollow gold-silver nanoshells encapsulated within vacuous tin oxide shells of adjustable thicknesses (∼10 and ∼30 nm for the two examples prepared in this initial report). These composite nanorattles exhibited broad tunable optical extinctions ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared spectral regions (i.e., 300-745 nm). Zeta potential measurements showed a large negative surface charge of approximately -35 mV, which afforded colloidal stability to the nanorattles in aqueous solution. We also characterized the nanorattles structurally and compositionally using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Futhermore, finite-difference time-domain simulation and photoluminescence properties of the composited nanoparticles were investigated. Collectively, these studies indicate that our tin oxide-coated hollow gold-silver nanorattles are promising candidates for use in solar-driven applications.