Consume or Conserve: Microroughness of Titanium Implants toward Fabrication of Dual Micro–Nanotopography

Combining the microroughness of current titanium implants, which promotes accelerated bone integration, with nanotopography for enhanced bioactivity/drug-release may be an ideal solution to address therapeutic challenges inside the bone microenvironment. We hereby present single-step electrochemical anodization using conditioned electrolyte to enable fabrication of aligned titania nanopores with preserved microscale features of the underlying titanium implant. This is applicable toward the fabrication of mechanically robust and clinically translatable next-generation orthopedic/dental implants with dual-topography including "gold-standard" microroughness and superimposed "bioactive" nanotopography.