Open AccessIntegrated, Stretched, and Adiabatic Solid Effects
Author(s) -
Yifan Quan,
Jakob M. Steiner,
Yifu Ouyang,
Kong Ooi Tan,
W.Th. Wenckebach,
P. Hautle,
Robert G. Griffin
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
the journal of physical chemistry letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.563
H-Index - 203
ISSN - 1948-7185
DOI - 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01147
Subject(s) - adiabatic process , microwave , pentacene , materials science , polarization (electrochemistry) , solid solution , computational physics , doping , condensed matter physics , atomic physics , physics , optoelectronics , chemistry , quantum mechanics , nanotechnology , thin film transistor , metallurgy , layer (electronics)
This paper presents a theory describing the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) process associated with an arbitrary frequency swept microwave pulse. The theory is utilized to explain the integrated solid effect (ISE) as well as the newly discovered stretched solid effect (SSE) and adiabatic solid effect (ASE). It is verified with experiments performed at 9.4 GHz (0.34 T) on single crystals of naphthalene doped with pentacene- d 14 . It is shown that the SSE and ASE can be more efficient than the ISE. Furthermore, the theory predicts that the efficiency of the SSE improves at high magnetic fields, where the EPR line width is small compared to the nuclear Larmor frequency. In addition, we show that the ISE, SSE, and ASE are based on similar physical principles and we suggest definitions to distinguish among them.