Origin of Exceptionally Slow Light Soaking Effect in Mesoporous Carbon Perovskite Solar Cells with AVA Additive

A range of slow dynamic processes occurring in perovskite solar cells have been linked to ionic migration, including J–V hysteresis and long photovoltage rise and decay times. This work demonstrates the remarkably slow response time of triple mesoporous carbon-based cells, containing the additive 5-aminovaleric acid iodide (AVA). The photovoltage rise under illumination is 1–2 orders of magnitude longer than has previously been observed for planar and mesoporous TiO2 based devices. Transient photovoltage measurements during this slow rise in voltage show a strong negative transient feature which demonstrates the presence of fast recombination. By analyzing the rate of Voc rise and the decay of this negative transient, we show a clear link between this recombination process and the limiting of the Voc. The reduction of recombination over time and the resultant rise in Voc are influenced by the movement of ions in the perovskite. From temperature-dependent measurements, an activation energy consistent with ...