Hydrogen-Bond Acceptance of Solvents: A 19F Solvatomagnetic β1 Database to Replace Solvatochromic and Solvatovibrational Scales

A variety of physicochemical properties and several hydrogen-bond donors have been used to define methods and to build scales aiming at measuring the hydrogen-bond acceptance of solvents. There is a great deal of confusion in these scales and methods. Solvatochromic, solvatocalorimetric, solvatovibrational, and 19 F solvatomagnetic comparison methods are critically reviewed. Only two methods, the solvatomagnetic and the solvatocalorimetric ones, are able to yield reliable solvent hydrogen-bond acceptance scales. The solvatomagnetic β 1 scale defined from the 19 F chemical shift of 4-fluorophenol is extended to many solvents including ionic liquids and green solvents. The results for about 240 hydrogen-bond acceptor solvents are organized in a numerical β 1 database. The comparison of β 1 with solvatochromic scales highlights their shortcomings, in particular for the important class of amphiprotic solvents. Therefore, the use of the 19 F solvatomagnetic comparison method and of the solvatomagnetic β 1 scale is recommended in solvent effect studies.