Open AccessHyperlocalized Measures of Air Pollution and Preeclampsia in Oakland, California
Author(s) -
Dana E. Goin,
Sylvia Sudat,
Chris Riddell,
Rachel MorelloFrosch,
Joshua S. Apte,
M. Maria Glymour,
Deborah Karasek,
Joan A. Casey
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
environmental science and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.851
H-Index - 397
eISSN - 1520-5851
pISSN - 0013-936X
DOI - 10.1021/acs.est.1c02151
Subject(s) - interquartile range , preeclampsia , confidence interval , ultrafine particle , medicine , percentile , air pollution , demography , population , environmental health , pregnancy , statistics , mathematics , chemistry , genetics , organic chemistry , sociology , biology
Exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), black carbon (BC), and ultrafine particles (UFPs) during pregnancy may increase the risk of preeclampsia, but previous studies have not assessed hyperlocalized differences in pollutant levels, which may cause exposure misclassification. We used data from Google Street View cars with mobile air monitors that repeatedly sampled NO 2 , BC, and UFPs every 30 m in Downtown and West Oakland neighborhoods during 2015-2017. Data were linked to electronic health records of pregnant women in the 2014-2016 Sutter Health population, who resided within 120 m of monitoring data ( N = 1095), to identify preeclampsia cases. We used G-computation with log-binomial regression to estimate risk differences (RDs) associated with a hypothetical intervention reducing pollutant levels to the 25th percentile observed in our sample on preeclampsia risk, overall and stratified by race/ethnicity. Prevalence of preeclampsia was 6.8%. Median (interquartile range) levels of NO 2 , BC, and UFPs were 10.8 ppb (9.0, 13.0), 0.34 μg/m 3 (0.27, 0.42), and 29.2 # × 10 3 /cm 3 (26.6, 32.6), respectively. Changes in the risk of preeclampsia achievable by limiting each pollutant to the 25th percentile were NO 2 RD = -1.5 per 100 women (95% confidence interval (CI): -2.5, -0.5); BC RD = -1.0 (95% CI: -2.2, 0.02); and UFP RD = -0.5 (95% CI: -1.8, 0.7). Estimated effects were the largest for non-Latina Black mothers: NO 2 RD = -2.8 (95% CI: -5.2, -0.3) and BC RD = -3.0 (95% CI: -6.4, 0.4).