Open AccessReal Time Observation of the Formation of Hollow Nanostructures through Solid State Reactions
Author(s) -
Huang-Yen Lai,
ChunWei Huang,
Chung-Hua Chiu,
Chun-Wen Wang,
Jui-Yuan Chen,
Yu-Ting Huang,
KuoChang Lu,
WenWei Wu
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
analytical chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.117
H-Index - 332
eISSN - 1520-6882
pISSN - 0003-2700
DOI - 10.1021/ac500134u
Subject(s) - kirkendall effect , germanide , nanostructure , chemistry , annealing (glass) , nanoparticle , transmission electron microscopy , nickel , chemical engineering , nanotechnology , metallurgy , materials science , germanium , silicon , organic chemistry , engineering
We demonstrate the formation of hollow nickel germanide nanostructures of Ni-Ge core-shell nanoparticles by solid state reactions. The structural evolutions of nickel germanide hollow nanostructures have been investigated in real-time ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscopy (UHV-TEM). Annealed above 450 °C, the nonequilibrium interdiffusion of core and shell species occurred at the interface; thus, Ni germanide hollow nanostructures were formed by solid state reactions involving the Kirkendall effect. In addition, the different hollow nanostructures formed from different core diameters of Ni-Ge core-shell nanoparticles have been studied. Also, we propose the mechanism with effects of the size and annealing duration on the solid state reactions based on the Kirkendall effect.
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