The ecological wisdom of plan-making

Most of humanity lives in urban regions. The number of people inhabiting cities is expected to continue to grow through this century. As our species becomes more urban and increases our effects on the planet, our relationships with natural systems will continue to change. We need wisdom to adapt to changes in this new era, called the Anthropocene. Overarching challenges and questions include: Will we continue to deplete ecosystem services as we expand our urban footprints? Or, will we learn how to enhance and create ecosystem services through city planning and urban design? The planning process can help humanity to adapt to these challenges. Ecological knowledge can help inform and guide the planning process. Such a process might even produce wisdom through application and reflection. An example of the Austin, Texas (USA) comprehensive planning process is provided to illustrate the prospects.