Use of the collaborative cross gene mine mouse phenotype library to identify novel genes regulating bone mass and bone architecture

III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTX PUBLISHED ABSTRACTS AND ARTICLESXII ABBREVIATIONSXIV LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLESXXII Chapter 1 Bone Biology 1 1.1 Bone Morphology and Organisation 2 1.1.1 Bone Composition and Organisation 2 1.1.2 The Functions of Bone 3 1.2 Bone Cells 4 1.2.1 Osteoblasts 4 1.2.1.1 Osteoblast Morphology and Function 4 1.2.1.2 Osteoblast Formation and Differentiation 5 1.2.1.3 Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation 5 1.2.2 Osteocytes 11 1.2.2.1 Osteocyte Morphology and Functions 11 1.2.2.2 Formation and Apoptosis of Osteocytes 12 1.2.2.3 Regulation of Osteocytes 13 1.2.3 Osteoclasts 14 1.2.3.1 Osteoclast Morphology and Function 14 1.2.3.2 Osteoclast Differentiation and Fusion 15 1.2.3.3 Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation and Survival 15 1.3 Bone Modelling and Remodelling 18 1.3.1 Skeletal Development and Fracture Healing 18 1.3.2 Bone Remodelling 19 1.3.3 Cell-to-Cell Communication 20 1.4 Key Biological Pathways Regulating Bone Homeostasis 20