An analytical study of behavioral risks and illness among camel keeper and non-camel keeper at zoo parks in Thailand 2014

Since 2012, a novel corona virus, outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) has been emerged in many parts of the world. Surveys have shown the evidences of neutralizing antibodies in samples from camel in Arabian Peninsula coincided with the same areas where most of human cases were reported. Camel raising was found in some areas of Thailand, especially in zoological parks. The objective of study was to determine behavioral risks and illness among zookeepers. A cross sectional study was conducted in seven zoological parks in 2014. Zoo Keepers were divided into two groups; a group of camel keepers and non-camel keepers. Face to face interview were conducted to obtain information regarding history of animal exposure, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and history of illness. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regressions were performed to describe the relationship of illness and behavioral risks for zookeepers. From 50 study populations in this study, 59.50% of zoo-keepers reported regular wearing boots at work, but wearing mask, apron and gloves were low. Four camel keepers and one non-camel keeper reported illness during the study period and seeked treatment at hospitals.  One of the camel keepers, who taking care of alpaca was admitted to the hospital with diagnosis of influenza. There was no statistically significant difference of illness between camel keeper and non-camel keeper, and there was no statistically significant difference of illness and behavioral risk factors. Surveillance in a group of close contact with animal should be developed.  Effectiveness of enforcement and measure about the use of PPE and training course to provide perceptions of health threats and benefits gained by wearing PPE should be implemented at the zoo parks. With these measures, they can reduce risk of emerging infectious diseases among people having close contact with animals.