Genotypic, phenotypic and functional profiles of NDM harboring Carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli from India

Background: It is stated that 80 percent of the malaria cases in India are confined to 20 percent population of which tribals living in hilly, forest and mountain slopes are significant. Low level of literacy, ignorance and poor health seeking behavior of the tribals are the major reasons for the prevalence of malaria in the agency areas inhabited by the tribals. Health facilities are limited to most of the tribals in view of the logistic problems and inaccessibility. Geographical isolation, remoteness, persistence of vector – conducive environment, poverty, low level of awareness, traditions and superstitious, malnutrition. This research study takes place in Khammam district of the Telangana State where S.T. Population is 27.4 percent, the highest among the districts of South India. The tribal districts of the State are on the edges of the river Godavari. Khammam district is located close to chattisgarh and odisha where the incidence of malaria is relatively high. Methods & Materials: The district administration has taken different innovative measures by organizing health – camps where the needed tests are conducted. Fever survey, awareness programmes at the village level, free transportation of the malaria positive persons for treatment, distribution of medicines freely, specialist doctors to treat the Patients and free supply of food to the patient’s families besides initiating preventive measures like spraying ACM 5%. (Irs spray), Supply of mosquito nets (LLIN) and mosquito coils. RTD KITS, Micro Slides, Microscope, JSB 1, JSB 2, Methly Alcohol, M1, M2, M3, M4 Records, Anti larvals, ACT KITS, Cholroquine Primaquine. Results: The study analyses the cases of malaria in the district between 2001-2015 (up to September), extending over a period of 15 years. There are ups and downs in the number of cases though the maximum is 4811 in 2010 and the minimum is 803 in 2003. More over, infected migrants to the district from the border states are high during November – February Conclusion: Community as a whole has been motivated to tackle the challenge of malaria. All the measures of the district authorities are depicted in this paper along with suggestions.