Open AccessIn vitro activation of chicken leukocytes and in vivo protection against Salmonella enteritidis organ invasion and peritoneal S. enteritidis infection‐induced mortality in neonatal chickens by immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotide
Author(s) -
He Haiqi,
Lowry Virginia K.,
Swaggerty Christina L.,
Ferro Pamela J.,
Kogut Michael H.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
fems immunology & medical microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1574-695X
pISSN - 0928-8244
DOI - 10.1016/j.femsim.2004.07.009
Subject(s) - biology , cpg oligodeoxynucleotide , salmonella enteritidis , microbiology and biotechnology , innate immune system , immune system , in vivo , respiratory burst , in vitro , cpg site , immunology , tlr9 , immunity , salmonella , bacteria , biochemistry , gene expression , genetics , gene , dna methylation
Unmethylated CpG oligodinucleotides (CpG‐ODN) flanked by specific bases found in bacterial DNA are known to stimulate innate immune responses. In this study, synthetic CpG‐ODNs were evaluated for their in vitro stimulation of leukocyte and in vivo protection against Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in neonatal chickens. Our studies showed that CpG‐ODN stimulated bactericidal activities, releasing granules (degranulation) and generating reactive oxygen species (oxidative burst), in chicken heterophils and up regulated nitric oxide production in chicken peripheral blood monocytes. When day‐old chickens were given (i.p.) synthetic CpG‐ODNs followed by oral challenge of SE, a significant reduction ( p < 0.05 ) of organ invasion by SE was observed in chickens pretreated with CpG‐ODN containing the immunostimulatory GTCGTT motif. This CpG‐OND also significantly reduced mortality of chickens with acute peritoneal infection of SE. Our study provides evidence that immunostimulatory CpG‐ODN stimulated innate immune activities and enhanced the resistance to infectious pathogens in neonatal chickens.