Open AccessCommunities of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge of various sewage treatment plants in Tokyo
Author(s) -
Limpiyakorn Tawan,
Shinohara Yuko,
Kurisu Futoshi,
Yagi Osami
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
fems microbiology ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.377
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1574-6941
pISSN - 0168-6496
DOI - 10.1016/j.femsec.2005.03.017
Subject(s) - biology , activated sludge , bacteria , oxidizing agent , sewage , ammonia , sewage treatment , sewage sludge , sewage sludge treatment , waste management , environmental chemistry , pulp and paper industry , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , chemistry , organic chemistry , engineering , genetics
We investigated ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge collected from 12 sewage treatment systems, whose ammonia removal and treatment processes differed, during three different seasons. We used real‐time PCR quantification to reveal total bacterial numbers and total ammonia oxidizer numbers, and used specific PCR followed by denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis, cloning, and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes to analyze ammonia‐oxidizing bacterial communities. Total bacterial numbers and total ammonia oxidizer numbers were in the range of 1.6 × 10 12 –2.4 × 10 13 and 1.0 × 10 9 –9.2 × 10 10 cells l −1 , respectively. Seasonal variation was observed in the total ammonia oxidizer numbers, but not in the ammonia‐oxidizing bacterial communities. Members of the Nitrosomonas oligotropha cluster were found in all samples, and most sequences within this cluster grouped within two of the four sequence types identified. Members of the clusters of Nitrosomonas europaea – Nitrosococcus mobilis , Nitrosomonas cryotolerans , and unknown Nitrosomonas , occurred solely in one anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A2O) system. Members of the Nitrosomonas communis cluster occurred almost exclusively in association with A2O and anaerobic/aerobic systems. Solid residence time mainly influenced the total numbers of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria, whereas dissolved oxygen concentration primarily affected the ammonia‐oxidizing activity per ammonia oxidizer cell.