Bone char as a green sorbent for removing health threatening fluoride from drinking water | Zendy

Susan S.A. Alkurdi | Zendy; Raed A. Al-Juboori | Zendy; Jochen Bundschuh | Zendy; Ihsan Hamawand | Zendy

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Bone char as a green sorbent for removing health threatening fluoride from drinking water

Author(s) -

Susan S.A. Alkurdi,

Raed A. Al-Juboori,

Jochen Bundschuh,

Ihsan Hamawand

Publication year - 2019

Publication title -

environment international

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 2.582

H-Index - 191

eISSN - 1873-6750

pISSN - 0160-4120

DOI - 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.065

Subject(s) - fluoride , sorbent , adsorption , char , residence time (fluid dynamics) , water treatment , waste management , chemistry , chemical engineering , environmental science , process engineering , pulp and paper industry , materials science , environmental engineering , inorganic chemistry , engineering , organic chemistry , pyrolysis , geotechnical engineering

Millions of people around the world suffer from or prone to health problems caused by high concentration of fluoride in drinking water sources. One of the environmentally friendly and cost-effective ways for removing fluoride is the use of bone char. In this review, the structural properties and binding affinity of fluoride ions from different water sources was critically discussed. The effect of experimental conditions on enhancing the adsorption capacity of fluoride ions using bone char samples was addressed. It appears that surface properties, and conditions of the bone char production such as temperature and residence time play an important role in designing the optimal fluoride removal process. The optimum temperature for fluoride removal seems to be in the range of 500-700 °C and a residence time of 2 h. Applying various equilibrium adsorption isotherms for understanding fluoride adsorption mechanism was presented. The effect of bone char modification with different elements were discussed and recommendations for a further increase in the removal efficiency was proposed. Cost of bone char production and large-scale treatment systems were also discussed based on information available from scientific and commercial sources. Challenges with existing domestic defluoridation designs were highlighted and suggestions for new conceptual designs were provided.

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