Reflexiones sobre la deshumanización de la educación médica: empatía, emociones y posibles recursos pedagógicos para la educación afectiva del estudiante de medicina

While medicine is going through a phase of increasing technical growth, it is also a time of increasing depersonalisation in the doctor-patient relationship. Empathy is a required element to build this relationship, and is a bridge between evidence-based medicine and patient centred clinical practice. Studies that have appraised empathy demonstrate its erosion during the undergraduate years. This fact has boosted the development of tools for assessing empathy, such as the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, or the Interpersonal Reactivity Index adapted by Davis. However, the real challenge is how to promote strategies aimed at promoting empathy and to prevent its erosion. This, in short, requires strategies on how to educate student emotions and feelings that are intrinsically related to empathy. Educational tools for this purpose are emerging in the teaching scenario, represented by literature, music, poetry, narrative medicine, opera and, especially Cinematic Education. Academic and Medical Educators find it difficult to find effective answers for the current mandatory challenge of promoting empathy in the training of medical students.