Endoscopic Sciatic Nerve Decompression in the Prone Position—An Ischial-Based Approach

Deep gluteal syndrome is described as sciatic nerve entrapment in the region deep to the gluteus maximus muscle. The entrapment can occur from the piriformis muscle, fibrous bands, blood vessels, and hamstrings. Good clinical outcomes have been shown in patients treated by open and endoscopic means. Sciatic nerve decompression with or without piriformis release provides a surgical solution to a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Previous techniques have used open methods that can now performed endoscopically. The technique of an endoscopic approach to sciatic nerve decompression in the prone position is described as well as its advantages and common findings. Through this ischial-based approach, a familiar anatomy is seen and areas of sciatic nerve entrapment can be readily identified and safely decompressed.