Interosseous electrostimulation in a model of lengthening with external fixation

Background A fracture repair involves complex cellular processes. However, despite optimal treatment, some fractures heal slowly or do not repair. These complications support the need for innovative therapies. Electromagnetic stimulation is a non-invasive technology that could have a direct impact on many cellular pathways. Objective To demonstrate the effectiveness of electro-stimulation by alternating current applied during bone elongation to accelerate the consolidation process for 30 days in an animal model. Materials and methods A device with closed circuit and graduated voltage was designed and kept in contact with the external fixator. Group A was elongated without electro-stimulation and group B was electro-stimulated since the beginning of the distraction. Radiographs were taken at 15 and 30 days post-surgical. Haematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome stain were performed. Results No significant difference were observed in bone density of group A (4.05±3.24, p  = 0.163). In group B there was a significant difference (61.06±20.17, p  = 0.03) in bone density. Group A maintained a fibrous tissue repair, with areas of cartilage and bone matrix. Group B had more organised tissue in the stages of bone repair. Conclusion Because there is a significant difference in the growth and callus formation at 15 and 30 days between groups, electro-stimulation could be considered as an adjuvant during bone elongation.