Open AccessPolydopamine‐assisted BMP‐2 immobilization on titanium surface enhances the osteogenic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells via integrin‐mediated cell‐matrix adhesion
Author(s) -
Lee Jeong Seok,
Lee JeongChae,
Heo Jung Sun
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of cell communication and signaling
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.329
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 1873-961X
pISSN - 1873-9601
DOI - 10.1007/s12079-018-0468-0
Subject(s) - periodontal ligament stem cells , runx2 , chemistry , bone morphogenetic protein 2 , integrin , alkaline phosphatase , extracellular matrix , bone morphogenetic protein , cell adhesion , noggin , adhesion , biophysics , microbiology and biotechnology , materials science , biomedical engineering , cell , biochemistry , biology , medicine , in vitro , organic chemistry , gene , enzyme
Abstract A mussel‐inspired polydopamine (PDA), resulting from the oxidative polymerization of dopamine, was reported to be an attractive substrate for advancing biomaterial applications. Thus, this study determined the osteoconductive/osteoinductive properties of titanium (Ti) surfaces coated with PDA and the facilitation of the PDA layer to immobilize bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) on Ti substrates. The surface chemistry of PDA or PDA/BMP‐2‐coated Ti was confirmed by contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immunofluorescence staining, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We verified the osteogenic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) cultured on the PDA or PDA/BMP‐2‐Ti surfaces. The osteogenic differentiation of the PDLSCs was assessed by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, intracellular calcium levels, as well as by evaluating osteocalcin (OCN), osterix (OSX), and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) protein levels. The PDLSCs cultured on PDA/BMP‐2‐Ti showed the highest osteogenic activity compared with those on the control Ti and PDA‐coated Ti surfaces. Moreover, PDLSCs on PDA and PDA/BMP‐2‐Ti expressed increased levels of integrin β1 and actin molecules compared to cells on control Ti. Blocking integrin β1 significantly decreased the osteogenic activity of PDLSCs on PDA/BMP‐2 surfaces. This study suggests that the PDA coating can efficiently encourage the immobilization of BMP‐2 on Ti surfaces and that this modified Ti substrate highly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs by integrin‐mediated cell‐matrix adhesion mechanisms.