Comparative performance analysis of versions of TCP in a local network with a mobile radio link

The scenario is that a bulk data transfer is being performed over a TCP connection, from a host on a local area network (LAN) to a mobile host attached to the LAN by a radio link. In an earlier work we had assumed that packet losses in a TCP connection over a radio link are statistically independent. In this paper, we extend this analysis to a Rayleigh fading link, which we model by a two-state Markov model. The bulk throughputs of TCP-OldTahoe and TCP-Tahoe are compared with and without fading, for various average signal-to-noise ratios. We also study the performance with a link protocol on the wireless link, and study the effect of varying the link packet size, the number of link packet attempts, and the vehicle speed. For the parameters of the BSD UNIX implementation, over a 1.5 Mbps wireless link, we find that, with fading, a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 30 dB is required to get reasonable throughput with TCP Tahoe or OldTahoe; this corresponds to at least 100 times more power than is needed without fading. For fixed signal-to-noise ratio, as the vehicle speed varies there are roughly 3 regions of performance: at very low speeds (pedestrian speeds) the throughput is very good; at low vehicular speeds the throughput deteriorates, and again becomes very good at higher vehicle speeds. The speeds corresponding to the various regions depend on the parameters of the link protocol.