Open AccessBone‐forming perivascular cells: Cellular heterogeneity and use for tissue repair
Author(s) -
Xu Jiajia,
Wang Yiyun,
GomezSalazar Mario A.,
Hsu Ginny ChingYun,
Negri Stefano,
Li Zhao,
Hardy Winters,
Ding Lijun,
Peault Bruno,
James Aaron W.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
stem cells
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.159
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1549-4918
pISSN - 1066-5099
DOI - 10.1002/stem.3436
Subject(s) - biology , mesenchymal stem cell , progenitor cell , microbiology and biotechnology , adventitia , stem cell , pathology , immunology , anatomy , medicine
Mesenchymal progenitor cells are broadly distributed across perivascular niches—an observation conserved between species. One common histologic zone with a high frequency of mesenchymal progenitor cells within mammalian tissues is the tunica adventitia , the outer layer of blood vessel walls populated by cells with a fibroblastic morphology. The diversity and functions of (re)generative cells present in this outermost perivascular niche are under intense investigation; we have reviewed herein our current knowledge of adventitial cell potential with a somewhat narrow focus on bone formation. Antigens of interest to functionally segregate adventicytes are discussed, including CD10, CD107a, aldehyde dehydrogenase isoforms, and CD140a, among others. Purified adventicytes (such as CD10 + , CD107a low , and CD140a + cells) have stronger osteogenic potential and promote bone formation in vivo. Recent bone tissue engineering applications of adventitial cells are also presented. A better understanding of perivascular progenitor cell subsets may represent a beneficial advance for future efforts in tissue repair and bioengineering.