Open AccessConcise Review: Tissue‐Specific Microvascular Endothelial Cells Derived From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Author(s) -
Wilson Hannah K.,
Canfield Scott G.,
Shusta Eric V.,
Palecek Sean P.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
stem cells
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.159
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1549-4918
pISSN - 1066-5099
DOI - 10.1002/stem.1797
Subject(s) - induced pluripotent stem cell , reprogramming , biology , regenerative medicine , stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , cell type , endothelial stem cell , cellular differentiation , regeneration (biology) , human induced pluripotent stem cells , embryonic stem cell , in vitro , cell , biochemistry , gene
Accumulating evidence suggests that endothelial cells (ECs) display significant heterogeneity across tissue types, playing an important role in tissue regeneration and homeostasis. Recent work demonstrating the derivation of tissue‐specific microvascular endothelial cells (TS‐MVECs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has ignited the potential to generate tissue‐specific models which may be applied to regenerative medicine and in vitro modeling applications. Here, we review techniques by which hPSC‐derived TS‐MVECs have been made to date and discuss how current hPSC‐EC differentiation protocols may be directed toward tissue‐specific fates. We begin by discussing the nature of EC tissue specificity in vivo and review general hPSC‐EC differentiation protocols generated over the last decade. Finally, we describe how specificity can be integrated into hPSC‐EC protocols to generate hPSC‐derived TS‐MVECs in vitro, including EC and parenchymal cell coculture, directed differentiation, and direct reprogramming strategies. S tem C ells 2014;32:3037–3045