Obstacle avoidance for redundant robots using configuration control

The article presents a new and simple solution to the obstacle avoidance problem for redundant robots. In the proposed approach, called configuration control, the redundancy is utilized to configure the robot so as to satisfy a set of kinematic inequality constraints representing obstacle avoidance, while the end‐effector is tracking a desired trajectory. The robot control scheme is very simple, and uses on‐line adaptation to eliminate the need for the complex dynamic model and parameter values of the robot. Several simulation results for a four‐link planar robot are presented to illustrate the versatility of the approach. These include reaching around a stationary obstacle, simultaneous avoidance of two obstacles, robot reconfiguration to avoid a moving obstacle, and avoidance of rectangular obstacles. The simplicity and computational efficiency of the proposed scheme allows on‐line implementation with a high sampling rate for real‐time obstacle avoidance in a dynamically varying environment.