Uptake of metal cations by fibroblasts in vitro

Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to assess uptake of Ag +1 , Au +4 , Cd +2 , Cu +2 , In +3 , Ni +2 , Pd +2 , and Zn +2 by in vitro cultures of Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts as a function of concentration of the cations in cell‐culture medium. Reversibility of this uptake was also measured. Metal cations exhibited a 400‐fold difference in their tendency to accumulate in the cells; In +3 tended to accumulate the most, whereas Pd +2 accumulated the least. Uptake of the cations in the cells increased linearly with the concentration of the cation in the medium for all cations up to their 50% toxicity concentrations. Reversal of this uptake was slower than that of the initial uptake for three cations studied in more detail (Cd +2 , In +3 , and Ni +2 ). The duration of the initial exposure affected the proportion of the metal cations that were retained by the cells 5 h after the cations were removed from the medium. The proportion of retained Cd +2 did not change when the initial exposure was increased from 2 h to 6 h, whereas the proportion of retained In +3 decreased and Ni +2 increased over the same period. The tendency of the cells to accumulate these cations correlated with their cytotoxic potency (measured previously). © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.