Open AccessTwin studies reveal specific imbalances in the mucosa‐associated microbiota of patients with ileal Crohn's disease
Author(s) -
Willing Ben,
Halfvarson Jonas,
Dicksved Johan,
Rosenquist Magnus,
Järnerot Gunnar,
Engstrand Lars,
Tysk Curt,
Jansson Janet K.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
inflammatory bowel diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.932
H-Index - 146
eISSN - 1536-4844
pISSN - 1078-0998
DOI - 10.1002/ibd.20783
Subject(s) - faecalibacterium prausnitzii , dysbiosis , biology , crohn's disease , genotype , intestinal mucosa , terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism , gut flora , disease , microbiome , bifidobacterium , eubacterium , inflammatory bowel disease , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , genetics , gene , restriction fragment length polymorphism , medicine , bacteria , lactobacillus
Background: Large interindividual variation in the composition of the intestinal microbiota between unrelated individuals has made it challenging to identify specific aspects of dysbiosis that lead to Crohn's disease (CD). Methods: To reduce variations in exposure during establishment of the gut flora and the influence of genotype, we studied the mucosa‐associated microbiota of monozygotic twin pairs that were discordant ( n = 6) or concordant ( n = 4) for CD. DNA was extracted from biopsies collected from 5 locations between the ileum and rectum. Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes were amplified and community composition assessed by terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism, cloning and sequencing, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The microbial compositions at all biopsy locations for each individual were similar, regardless of disease state, but there were differences between individuals. In particular, individuals with predominantly ileal CD had a dramatically lower abundance ( P < 0.001) of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and increased abundance ( P < 0.03) of Escherichia coli compared to healthy co‐twins and those with CD localized in the colon. This dysbiosis was significantly correlated to the disease phenotype rather than genotype. Conclusions: The reduced abundance of F. prausnitzii and increased abundance of E. coli are indicative of an ileal CD phenotype, distinct from colonic CD, and the relative abundances of these specific bacterial populations are promising biomarker candidates for differential diagnosis of CD and eventually customized treatment. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009)