Open AccessHeart failure during the COVID‐19 pandemic: clinical, diagnostic, management, and organizational dilemmas
Author(s) -
Palazzuoli Alberto,
Metra Marco,
Collins Sean P.,
Adamo Marianna,
Ambrosy Andrew P.,
Antohi Laura E.,
Ben Gal Tuvia,
Farmakis Dimitrios,
Gustafsson Finn,
Hill Loreena,
Lopatin Yuri,
Tramonte Francesco,
Lyon Alexander,
Masip Josep,
Miro Oscar,
Moura Brenda,
Mullens Wilfried,
Radu Razvan I.,
Abdelhamid Magdy,
Anker Stefan,
Chioncel Ovidiu
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
esc heart failure
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.787
H-Index - 25
ISSN - 2055-5822
DOI - 10.1002/ehf2.14118
Subject(s) - medicine , pandemic , heart failure , intensive care medicine , cardiogenic shock , covid-19 , epidemiology , disease management , disease , cardiology , infectious disease (medical specialty) , myocardial infarction , parkinson's disease
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) infection pandemic has affected the care of patients with heart failure (HF). Several consensus documents describe the appropriate diagnostic algorithm and treatment approach for patients with HF and associated COVID‐19 infection. However, few questions about the mechanisms by which COVID can exacerbate HF in patients with high‐risk (Stage B) or symptomatic HF (Stage C) remain unanswered. Therefore, the type of HF occurring during infection is poorly investigated. The diagnostic differentiation and management should be focused on the identification of the HF phenotype, underlying causes, and subsequent tailored therapy. In this framework, the relationship existing between COVID and onset of acute decompensated HF, isolated right HF, and cardiogenic shock is questioned, and the specific management is mainly based on local hospital organization rather than a standardized model. Similarly, some specific populations such as advanced HF, heart transplant, patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD), or valve disease remain under investigated. In this systematic review, we examine recent advances regarding the relationships between HF and COVID‐19 pandemic with respect to epidemiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, and differential diagnosis. Also, according to the recent HF guidelines definition, we highlight different clinical profile identification, pointing out the main concerns in understudied HF populations.