Changes in publication languages and citation practices and their effect on the scientific impact of R ussian science (1993–2010)[Note 1. This work was supported by the program for fundamental ...]

This article analyzes the effects of publication language on the international scientific visibility of R ussia using the W eb of S cience ( WoS ). Like other developing and transition countries, it is subject to a growing pressure to “internationalize” its scientific activities, which primarily means a shift to English as a language of scientific communication. But to what extent does the transition to E nglish improve the impact of research? The case of R ussia is of interest in this respect as the existence of many combinations of national journals and languages of publications (namely, R ussian and E nglish, including translated journals) provide a kind of natural I experiment to test the effects of language and publisher's country on the international visibility of research through citations as well as on the referencing practices of authors. Our analysis points to the conclusion that the production of original E nglish‐language papers in foreign journals is a more efficient strategy of internationalization than the mere translation of domestic journals. If the objective of a country is to maximize the international visibility of its scientific work, then the efforts should go into the promotion of publication in reputed E nglish‐language journals to profit from the added effect provided by the M atthew effect of these venues.