Open AccessInformed cover measurement: Guidelines and error for point‐intercept approaches
Author(s) -
Drezner Taly Dawn,
Drezner Zvi
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
applications in plant sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.64
H-Index - 23
ISSN - 2168-0450
DOI - 10.1002/aps3.11446
Subject(s) - quadrat , statistics , point (geometry) , cover (algebra) , measure (data warehouse) , point estimation , field (mathematics) , confidence interval , standard deviation , interval (graph theory) , biology , mathematics , ecology , computer science , data mining , engineering , geometry , combinatorics , mechanical engineering , pure mathematics , shrub
Premise The point‐intercept method is one of the most commonly used approaches to measure species cover in ecosystems worldwide. In this approach, multiple points are sampled for presence/absence of a species, and the number of present points divided by the total number of sampled points provides an estimate of percent cover. Our purpose is to mathematically analyze the accuracy of the point‐intercept approach and establish guidelines for its use. Methods We developed formulas that analyze the point‐intercept method and confirmed their effectiveness using simulations. Results We find that a point‐intercept spacing of at least 80% of the largest plant diameter provides the most reliable results. We present a user‐friendly spreadsheet that calculates the number of intercepts needed for fieldwork, as well as the standard deviation, expected deviation, and confidence interval of the collected data. Discussion We provide a variety of guidelines for establishing field protocols based on our results, including dealing with rare species and combining results for multiple species. Quadrat characteristics (intercept spacing, number of point intercepts) can now be easily calculated to guide research design prior to fieldwork; after fieldwork is complete, the accuracy of this technique can (and should) be reported in all future ecological studies in which it is used.