Adult Gaucher disease in association with primary malignant bone tumors

Malignant neoplastic disorders are more common in patients with Gaucher disease (GD) than in the general population. Very few cases of primary malignant bone tumors in association with GD have been reported to date. Thus, the recommendations for an adequate therapy are often based on limited professional experience. To their knowledge, the authors report the first case of a leiomyosarcoma of the bone in a patient with GD and report another patient with GD and an anaplastic large cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with localized osseous manifestation. A review of the literature is included.