Association of Neurodevelopmental Outcomes With Environmental Exposure to Cyclohexanone During Neonatal Congenital Cardiac Operations

Key Points Question Are neonatal heart operations associated with cyclohexanone exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 12 months? Findings In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial of neonatal cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass that included 85 neonates, neonates had a 3-fold increase in serum cyclohexanone levels after cardiopulmonary bypass. Increased geometric means of serum cyclohexanone levels were independently associated with lower composite scores for cognitive and language functions. Meaning These findings suggest that neonatal cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass was associated with substantial cyclohexanone exposure, which was independently associated with adverse neurodevelopment at age 12 months.