Assessment of Incidence of and Surveillance Burden for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Patients With Hepatitis C in the Era of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents

Key Points Question What are the projected changes in incidence of and surveillance burden for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among populations with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the era of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs)? Findings In this decision-analytical model, the incidence of HCC associated with HCV and candidates for HCC surveillance were projected to increase before starting to decrease in the era of DAAs. The burden of HCC associated with HCV was projected to shift from patients with viremia to individuals with virologically cured HCV and to older individuals. Meaning Results of this study suggest that routine HCC surveillance is needed for early detection of HCC in individuals with virologically cured hepatitis C who may no longer be receiving specialty care of liver diseases.