Latent Tuberculosis Infection Testing Strategies for HIV-Positive Individuals in Hong Kong

Key Points Question In a setting with low HIV-tuberculosis incidence, is repeated testing for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) cost-effective for managing individuals with HIV who have negative LTBI test results at baseline? Findings In this decision analytical model using a cost-effectiveness analysis, based on 3130 HIV-positive individuals in Hong Kong, China, a strategy of baseline LTBI testing followed by up to 3 subsequent annual tests could avert a similar proportion of new tuberculosis infections while incurring a lower cost compared with annually repeated testing. The strategy did not meet the willingness-to-pay threshold but would likely be cost-effective if the threshold were raised. Meaning The findings suggest that less intense subsequent LTBI testing strategies may be effective and are likely cost-effective.