Lactation Duration and Progression to Diabetes in Women Across the Childbearing Years
Author(s) -
Erica P. Gunderson,
Cora E. Lewis,
Ying Lin,
Mike Sorel,
Myron D. Gross,
Stephen Sidney,
David R. Jacobs,
James M. Shikany,
Charles P. Quesenberry
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
jama internal medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.14
H-Index - 342
eISSN - 2168-6114
pISSN - 2168-6106
DOI - 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.7978
Subject(s) - medicine , diabetes mellitus , pregnancy , prospective cohort study , gestational diabetes , obstetrics , incidence (geometry) , hazard ratio , proportional hazards model , cohort study , lactation , confounding , demography , gestation , confidence interval , endocrinology , genetics , physics , sociology , optics , biology
Lactation duration has shown weak protective associations with incident diabetes (3%-15% lower incidence per year of lactation) in older women based solely on self-report of diabetes, studies initiated beyond the reproductive period are vulnerable to unmeasured confounding or reverse causation from antecedent biochemical risk status, perinatal outcomes, and behaviors across the childbearing years.
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