An Inactivated Virus Candidate Vaccine to Prevent COVID-19

BackgroundThe availability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serologic testing has rapidly increased. Current assays use a variety of technologies, measure different classes of immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin combinations and detect antibodies directed against different portions of the virus All-cause mortality due to bacteraemia during a 60-day non-physician healthcare worker strike 12 Sep 2020 AbstractThis study explored all-cause mortality of bacteraemia diagnosed during a 60-day non-physician healthcare worker strike in 2008. A significant change, with 5.0% (95% CI 1.28.7%, p<0.01) absolute risk increase, was seen in 90-day mortality during the strike (n=598) compared with the rest of the study period 2000-2015 (n=75 647). DNA Methylation and Immune Cell Markers Demonstrate Evidence of Accelerated Aging in Patients with Chronic HBV or HCV, with or without HIV Co-Infection 11 Sep 2020 AbstractBackgroundSeveral chronic diseases have been shown to accelerate biological aging. We investigated age acceleration and the association between peripheral blood DNAm and immune cell markers in patients chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) or the hepatitis C virus (HCV) with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection Central nervous system safety during brief analytic treatment interruption of antiretroviral therapy within four HIV remission trials: an observational study in acutely treated people living with HIV 11 Sep 2020 AbstractBackgroundThe central nervous system (CNS) is a likely reservoir of HIV, vulnerable to viral rebound, inflammation, and clinical changes upon stopping antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is critical to evaluate the CNS safety of studies using analytic treatment interruption (ATI) to assess HIV remission Higher Completion Rates with Self-administered Once-weekly Isoniazid-Rifapentine versus Daily Rifampin in Adults with Latent Tuberculosis 11 Sep 2020 AbstractBackgroundTreatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is important for tuberculosis (TB) prevention, and short course rifamycin-based therapies are preferred. Once-weekly isoniazid-rifapentine by self-administered therapy (3HP-SAT) has never been compared with four months of daily rifampin (4R)BackgroundTreatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is important for tuberculosis (TB) prevention, and short course rifamycin-based therapies are preferred. Once-weekly isoniazid-rifapentine by self-administered therapy (3HP-SAT) has never been compared with four months of daily rifampin (4R) Antibiotic Overuse after Hospital Discharge: A Multi-Hospital Cohort Study 11 Sep 2020 AbstractBackgroundAntibiotics are commonly prescribed to patients as they leave the hospital. We aimed to create a comprehensive metric to characterize antibiotic overuse after discharge among hospitalized patients treated for pneumonia or urinary tract infection (UTI) and determine whether overuse varied across hospitals and conditionsBackgroundAntibiotics are commonly prescribed to patients as they leave the hospital. We aimed to create a comprehensive metric to characterize antibiotic overuse after discharge among hospitalized patients treated for pneumonia or urinary tract infection (UTI) and determine whether overuse varied across hospitals and conditions Social Disadvantage, Politics, and SARS-CoV-2 Trends: A CountyLevel Analysis of United States Data 11 Sep 2020 AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for public health control efforts. Social, demographic, and political characteristics at the US county level might be associated with changes in SARS-CoV-2 case incidence Structural vulnerability to COVID-19 among Latinx communities in the United States 11 Sep 2020 COVID-19Latinxstructural risk factors A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study of singledose humanized anti-IL5 antibody (reslizumab) for the reduction of eosinophilia following diethylcarbamazine treatment of Loa loa infection 10 Sep 2020 AbstractBackground Diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) treatment of loiasis is complicated by adverse reactions that are correlated with the number of circulating microfilariae (mf). The cause of these reactions is unknown, but they are accompanied by a dramatic interleukin-5 (IL-5)-dependent increase in eosinophilia and evidence of eosinophil activation Immunomodulatory Therapy for the Management of Loiasis 10 Sep 2020 Management of drug toxicity in M. avium complex pulmonary disease – an expert panel survey 10 Sep 2020 AbstractAdverse events are frequent in NTM pulmonary disease treatment, but evidence to support their management is scarce. An expert panel survey on management of adverse events shows consistent opinions on management of hepatoxicity, ocular toxicity, ototoxicity, tinnitus and GI upset. These opinions can provide assistance in individual patient management decisions. 3D Printed Alternative to the Standard Synthetic Flocked Nasopharyngeal Swabs Used for COVID-19 testing 10 Sep 2020 AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, can be detected in respiratory samples by Real-time Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-PCR or other molecular methods. Accessibility of diagnostic testing for COVID-19 has been limited by intermittent shortages of supplies required for testing, including flocked nasopharyngeal (FLNP) swabsBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, can be detected in respiratory samples by Real-time Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-PCR or other molecular methods. Accessibility of diagnostic testing for COVID-19 has been limited by intermittent shortages of supplies required for testing, including flocked nasopharyngeal (FLNP) swabs The presence of (1-3)-β-D-Glucan as prognostic marker in patients post major abdominal surgery 10 Sep 2020 AbstractBackgroundWhile the serological detection of (1➝3)-Β-Glucan (BDG) can indicate invasive fungal disease (IFD), false positivity occurs. Nevertheless, the presence of BDG can still be recognised by the host’s innate immune system and persistent BDG antigenaemia, in the absence of IFD, can result in deleterious pro-inflammatory immune responsesBackgroundWhile the serological detection of (1➝3)-Β-Glucan (BDG) can indicate invasive fungal disease (IFD), false positivity occurs. Nevertheless, the presence of BDG can still be recognised by the host’s innate immune system and persistent BDG antigenaemia, in the absence of IFD, can result in deleterious pro-inflammatory immune responses Heaping the Pelion of Vancomycin on the Ossa of MRSA: Back to Basics in Clinical Care and Guidelines 09 Sep 2020 Long-term infective endocarditis mortality associated with injection opioid use in the United States: a modeling study. 09 Sep 2020 AbstractBackgroundThe expansion of the U.S. opioid epidemic has led to significant increases in infections such as infective endocarditis (IE), which is tied to injection behaviors. We aimed to estimate the population-level IE mortality among people who inject opioids and compare the risk of IE death against the risks of death from other causesMethodsWe developed a microsimulation model of the Sub-optimal Intermittent Preventive Treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) is associated with an increased risk of submicroscopic P. falciparum infection in pregnant women: a prospective cohort study in Benin 09 Sep 2020 AbstractBackgroundHarmful maternal and neonatal health outcomes result from malaria in pregnancy, the prevention of which primarily relies on intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). WHO recommends IPTp-SP in sub-Saharan Africa, but implementation is highly heterogeneous and often sub-optimal in terms of the number of doses and their timingBackgroundHarmful maternal and neonatal health outcomes result from malaria in pregnancy, the prevention of which primarily relies on intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). WHO recommends IPTp-SP in sub-Saharan Africa, but implementation is highly heterogeneous and often sub-optimal in terms of the number of doses and their timing Microbial-disease correlation: time to focus on post-Koch’s criteria? 09 Sep 2020 Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes in a Multicenter Registry of Patients with HIV and Coronavirus Disease-19 09 Sep 2020 AbstractBackgroundPeople with HIV (PWH) may have numerous risk factors for acquiring Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and developing severe outcomes, but current data are conflicting.MethodsHealthcare providers enrolled consecutively by non-random sampling PWH with lab-confirmed COVID-19, diagnosed at their facilities between April 1st and July 1st, 2020 Methodological and reporting quality of non-inferiority randomized controlled trials comparing antibiotic therapies: a systematic review 09 Sep 2020 AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic non-inferiority randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are used for approval of new antibiotics and making changes to antibiotic prescribing in clinical practice. We conducted a systematic review to assess the methodological and reporting quality of antibiotic non-inferiority RCTs Reply to Satoshi Kitaura et al 09 Sep 2020 Suptavumab for the Prevention of Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Preterm Infants 08 Sep 2020 AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of childhood medically attended respiratory infection (MARI).MethodsWe conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial in 1154 preterm infants of 1 or 2 doses of suptavumab, a human monoclonal antibody that can bind and block a conserved epitope on RSV A and B subtypes, for the prevention of RSV MARI Ceftobiprole Compared With Vancomycin Plus Aztreonam in the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Results of a Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind Trial